Past perfect simple vs. Past perfect continuous
Past perfect – predminulý jednoduchý čas
Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party, too, but they didn´t see each other. Paul left at 10:30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o´clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn´t there.
He had gone home.
- Keď hovoríme o udalosti alebo situácii v minulosti, používame minulý jednoduchý čas (flew). Ale ak hovorím a udalosti pred touto minulou udalosťou používame predminulý čas (had been).
Past perfect continuous - predminulý priebehový čas
Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining, but the ground was very wet.
It had been raining.
It was not raining when I looked out of the window, the sun was shining. But it had been raining before.
(nepršalo, keď som pozrel von oknom; pršalo predtým)
Forma:
osoba + had + been + sloveso s príponou - ing
It had been raining. It hadn´t been raining. Had it been raining? Yes, it had. No, it hadn´t.
Použitie:
Predminulý priebehový čas používame na vyjadrenie niečoho, čo dlhšie trvalo pred iným minulým dejom:
We´d been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.
George went to the doctor last Friday. He hadn´t been feeling well for some time.
When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. They had been fighting.
I was very tired when I got home. I´d been working hard all day.
Porovnanie predminulého jednoduchého a priebehového času
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predminulý jednoduchý čas |
predminulý priebehový čas |
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complete - úplný
I felt pleased because I had done so much work. (Bol som spokojný, pretože som urobil tak veľa práce.)
používame s frázami, ktoré znamenajú how much/many
When the company went bankrupt, it had lost over a million pounds. - koľko stratila? Viac ako milión libier.
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over a period - nejakú dobu
I felt tired because I had been working all day. (Bol som unavený, pretože som pracoval celý deň.)
používame s frázami, ktoré znamenajú how long
When the company went bankrupt, it had been losing money for months. - ako dlho strácala peniaze? Mesiace.
používame na vyjadrenie stavu The old man had seemed unwell for some time before he died. |
Porovnanie predminulého priebehového a predprítomného priebehového času:
He looks very sad. I think he´s been crying. - vyzerá smutne, plakal (od minulosti doteraz)
He looked very sad. I thought she´d been crying. - vyzeral smutne, plakal (do nejakého bodu v minulosti)
James is out of breath. He has been running.
James was out of breath. He had been running.
Zopakujte si:
1. Kedy používame predminulý jednoduchý čas?2. Kedy používame predminulý priebehový čas?
Použitá literatúra:
Norman Coe, Mark Harrison, Ken Paterson: Oxford Grammar Practice basic, Oxford Univesity Press, 2008Murphy, R.: English Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press, 2004