Učivo: predložky pohybu
Ročník: 1.
Škola: SŠ
Vypracovala: Mgr. Katarína Šovčíková
Prepositions of movement – predložky pohybu
in/into, out of, on/onto, off, to, towards, away from, over, under, up, down, across, through, along, past, around/round
Niektoré predložky môžu vyjadrovať aj pozíciu aj pohyb.
Napr.
Pozícia: The coin was under the sofa. (bola pod)
Pohyb: The coin rolled under the sofa. (skotúľať sa pod)
Predložky in a on používame na vyjadrenie pozície. Pokiaľ k nim pridáme predložku to vznikajú nám predložky pohybu.
Porovnajte:
The manager was in the office. The papers were on the floor.
The manager came in/into the office. The papers fell on/onto the floor.
Pozn.
V prípade vyjadrenia pohybu sme použili aj in alebo on. To sa používa v neformálnej angličtine.
Ale!
K predložke miesta at nemôžme pridať predložku to. Tá sa používa len ako predložka miesta.
Porovnajte:
Pozícia: Vicky was at the doctor´s. (bola u)
Pohyb: Vicky went to the doctor´s. (išla k)
Zhrnutie:
|
predložka |
preklad |
príklad |
|
in/into |
do (dovnútra) |
The river flows into the see. He came in the room. |
|
out of |
von z |
The car came out of the garage. |
|
on/onto |
na (pohyb) |
She put her plate onto the table. |
|
off |
z (povrchu) |
She fell off the ladder. |
|
to |
smerom k * |
I went to doctor´s yesterday. |
|
towards |
smerom k * |
I was walking towards the shore. |
|
away from |
preč od |
We ran away from bomb. |
|
over |
cez, ponad * |
He jumped over the fence. (Preskočil cez plot.) |
|
under |
pod |
The care drove under the railway bridge. |
|
up |
hore |
We walked up the road. |
|
down |
dolu |
We travelled down the hill. |
|
across |
cez (plochu) * |
The children went across the street. |
|
through |
cez, skrz, naprieč * |
He looked through window. |
|
along |
pozdĺž, pri |
Go along this street. |
|
past |
okolo, popri |
He walked past me. |
|
around/round |
okolo |
We sailed around the island. |
* Pozor!
Rozdiel medzi over, through a across
- through - cez niečo uzavreté ako cez tunel, cez park (She drove through tunnel.)
- over - cez, ponad niečo, ponad rieku (He jumped over the river.)
- across - cez plochu, cez cestu (They went across the street.)
Rozdiel medzi along a past
along je pozdĺž niečoho – po celej dĺžke
past je okolo niečoho, napr. budovy, osoby, atď.
Rozdiel medzi to a towards
to – naznačuje dostať sa niekam (I´m going to New York.)
towards – používa sa na vyjadrenie „v smere niekam“ (He is walking towards me.)
Cvičenie:
- Vymenuj predložky pohybu.
- Aký je rozdiel medzi over, through a across?
- Aký je rozdiel medzi along a past?
- Aký je rozdiel medzi to a towards?
- Uveď príklady použitia predložiek pohybu.
Použitá literatúra a obrázky:
Eastwood, J.: Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press, 2006
Soars, L.,J., New Headway English Course, Elementary, Oxford University Press, 2004