Vypracovala: Mgr. Katarína Šovčíková
Predložkové väzby
verb + preposition
Niektoré slovesá viažu na seba predložku.
Neexistuje pravidlo, podľa ktorého priraďujeme predložky k slovesám. Učíme sa ich naspamäť.
|
verb + to
|
||
|
talk to
speak to
|
|
Who was the man you were talking to?
Please, speak to me.
|
|
listen to
|
|
I listen to music every day.
|
|
write to
|
|
I wrote letter to my penfriend yesterday.
I wrote to the hotel complaining about the poor service.
|
|
apologise to
|
ospravedlniť sa
|
They apologised to me for what happened.
|
|
explain something to somebody
explain to somebody
describe to somebody
|
+ what, how, why, ...
|
Can you explain this word to me?
I explained to them why I was worried.
Let me describe to you what I saw.
|
|
happen to
|
stať sa
|
What happened to you?
|
|
invite somebody to
|
pozvať niekoho
|
They only invited a few people to their wedding.
|
|
prefer one thing/person to another
|
preferovať jednu vec/osobu k druhej
|
I prefer tea to coffee.
|
|
S týmito slovesami predložku to nepoužívame:
|
|
phone/telephone/call somebody
Did you phone your father yesterday?
|
|
answer somebody/something
He refused to answer my question.
|
|
ask somebody
Can I ask you a question?
|
|
thank somebody (for something)
He thanked me for helping him.
|
|
verb + at
|
||
|
look at
stare at
have a look at
take a look at
|
pozerať na
civieť na
pozerať na
|
Why are you looking at me like that?
Take a look at that poster.
|
|
laugh at
|
smiať sa
|
I look stupid with this haircut. Everybody will laugh at me.
|
|
aim something at
point sometining at
|
mieriť niečo
|
Don´t point that knife at me!
|
|
shoot/fire at
|
vystreliť na
|
We saw someone with a gun shooting at birds.
|
|
Po niektorých slovesách môžu nasledovať predložky to alebo at, ale so zmenou významu:
|
|
shout at somebody (keď si nahnevaný)
He got very angry and started shouting at me.
|
|
shout to somebody (aby ťa bolo počuť)
He shouted to me from the other side of the street.
|
|
|
|
throw something at somebody/something (aby sme ho trafili)
Somebody threw an egg at the minister.
|
|
throwsomething to somebody (aby to chytil)
Lisa threw the keys to me from the window.
|
|
verb + on
|
||
|
depend on
rely on
|
závisieť, spoľahnúť sa
|
„What time will you be home?“ „I don´t know. It depends on the raffic.
You can rely on Jill. She always keeps her promises.
|
|
live on
|
vyžiť
|
Michael´s salary is very low. It isn´t enough to live on.
|
|
congratulate somebody on
|
blahoželať
|
I congratulated her on her success in the exam.
|
|
concretate on
|
koncentrovať
|
Don´t look out of the window. Concentrate on your work.
|
|
insist on
|
trvať na niečom
|
I wanted to go alone, but some friends insisted on coming with me.
|
|
spend on
|
minúť
|
How much do you spend on food each week?
|
|
verb + in
|
||
|
believe in
|
veriť
|
Do you believe in God?
but!
believ something/somebody
The story can´t be true. Don´t believe it.
|
|
specialize in
|
špecializovať sa
|
Helen is a lawyer. She specialises in company law.
|
|
succeed in
|
uspieť
|
I hope you succeed in finding the job you want.
|
|
verb + into
|
||
|
break into
|
vlámať sa
|
The robbers broke into our house last night.
|
|
crash into*
drive into*
bump into*
run into*
|
naraziť
|
He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall.
|
|
divide something into
cut (something) into
|
rozdeliť
nakrájať
|
The book is divided into three parts.
Cut the carrot into cubes.
|
|
translate from one language into another
|
|
Hemingway´s books have been translated into many languages.
|
*synonymá
|
verb + with
|
||
|
collide with
|
kolidovať
|
There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car.
|
|
fill something with
|
naplniť
|
Take this saucepan and fill it with water.
|
|
provide somebody with
|
poskytovať
|
The school provides all its students with books.
|
Cvičenie
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou to?
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou at?
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou on?
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou in?
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou into?
Ktoré slovesá používame s predložkou with?
Použitá literatúra:
Murphy, R.: English Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press, 2004