Vypracovala: Ivana Dulová



PRÍDAVNÉ MENÁ A PRÍSLOVKY


Pozrime sa na nasledujúce príklady:
● Our holiday was too short – the time went very quickly.
● The driver of the car was seriously injured in the accident.

Quickly a seriously sú príslovky. Mnoho prísloviek sa tvorí z prídavných mien + -ly:
adjective: quick serious careful quiet heavy bad
adverb: quickly seriously carefully quietly heavily badly

Avšak nie všetky slová končiace na –ly sú príslovky. Niektoré prídavné mená končia na –ly tiež, ako napríklad:

friendly – priateľský
lovely – nádherný
elderly – starší, postarší
lonely – opustený, osamotený
silly - hlúpy
lively – živý, čulý, sviežy

ADJECTIVE or ADVERB?


Prídavné mená (quick, careful, atď.) opisujú podstatné meno. Prídavné mená kladieme zvyčajne pred podstatné mená, po slovesách, zvlášť sloveso ‘to be’.
● Tom is a careful driver. (not ‘a carefully driver’)
● We didn´t go out because of the heavy rain.

● Please be quiet.
● I was disappointed that my exam results were so bad.

Prídavné mená tiež používame po slovesách, look/feel/sound, atď.

● Why do you always look so serious?

Porovnajme:
● She speaks perfect English.
adjective + noun
Porovnajme tieto dve vety so slovesom ‘look’.
● Tom looked sad when I saw him. (= he seemed sad, his expression was sad).

Príslovky (quickly/carefully, atď.) opisujú slovesá. Príslovky nám hovoria ako niekto niečo robí alebo ako sa niečo deje:


● Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. (not ‘drove careful’)
● We didn´t go out because it was raining heavily. (not ‘raining heavy')

● Please speak quietly. (not ‘speak quiet’)
● I was disappointed that I did so badly in the exam. (not ‘did so bad’)




● Why do you never take me seriously?


● She speaks English perfectly.
verb + object + adverb


● Tom looked at me sadly. (= he looked at me in a sad way)


Príslovky tiež používame pred prídavnými menami a inými príslovkami. Napríklad:
reasonably cheap (adverb + adjective)
terribly sorry (adverb + adjective)
incredibly quickly (adverb + adverb)

● It’s a reasonably cheap restaurant and the food is extremely good.
● Oh, I‘m terribly sorry. I didn‘t mean to push you. (not ‚terrible sorry‘)
● Maria learns languages incredibly quickly.
● The examination was surprisingly easy.

You can also use an adverb before a past participle (injured/organised/written, atď.):
● Two people were seriously injured in the accident. (not ‘serious injured’)
● The meeting was very badly organised.


ZOPAKUJME SI!
1. Ako tvoríme príslovky?
2. Uveďte 3 príklady na prídavné mená končiace na -ly.
3. Použite vo vete: careful – carefully, quick – quickly.



Použitá literatúra:
Murphy, R.: English grammar in use, Cambridge university press, 1999